Mazda Carol MeLady: detailed specifications, performance and economy data

Mazda Carol MeLady

Mazda Carol MeLady dati
Carozzerie
Français Deutsch Nederlands Italiano Español English
Carrozzeria	4/5 seater hatchback
Numero di porte	5
Disegno di
Dimensioni e masse
Passo	2360	92.9
Carreggiata anteriore	1295	51
Carreggiata posteriore	1290	50.8
Lunghezza	3395	133.7
Larghezza	1475	58.1
Altezza	1450	57.1
Altezza minima de terra	145	5.7
	1.44
Massa veicolo in ordine di marcia	650 kg	1433
Ripartizione anteriore
Capacita serbatoio carburante	30 litres	6.6 [7.9] UK [US] gal.
Aerodinamica
Coefficiente di resistenza
area frontale
CdA
Propulsore
	naturally aspirated petrol
Costruttore del motore	Suzuki
Tipo	K6A
Numero dei cilindri	Straight 3
Cilindrata	0.7 litre 658 cc (40.154 cu in)
Alesaggio × Corsa	68 × 60.4 mm 2.68 × 2.38 in
Rapporto di alesaggio/corsa	1.13
Distribuzione	double overhead camshaft (DOHC) 4 Valvole per cilindro 12 Valvole Totale
Potenza max (JIS)	54 PS (53 bhp) (40 kW) a 6500 giri/min
Coppia max (JIS)	61 Nm (45 ft·lb) (6.2 kgm) a 4000 giri/min
Specific output (JIS)	60.1 kW/litre 81.7 ps/litre 80.5 bhp/litre 1.32 bhp/cu in
(JIS)	92.71 Nm/litre 1.12 ft·lb/cu³
Engine construction
Lubrificazione
Rapporto di compressione	10.5:1
Alimentazione	EFi
	1165 kPa (169 psi)
Regime massimi
Numero supporti di banco
Raffreddamento	Water
cilindrata unitaria	219.33 cc
Alimentazione	Normal
Compressore	N/A
Intercooler	None
Catalizzatore	Y
Prestazioni
0-80km/h
0-60mph
0-100km/h
0-160km/h
0-400m
0-1000m
Velocità max.
Power-to-weight ratio	Higher is better 82.67 PS/tonne (1000 kg) 0.08 PS/kg 60.8 kW/tonne (1000 kg) 0.06 kW/kg 81.54 bhp/tonne (1000 kg) 0.08 bhp/kg 0.04 bhp/lb
Weight-to-power ratio	Lower is better 16.45 kg/kW 27.47 lb/bhp
Consumi/Emissioni
Consumo
universal fuel consumption (calculated from the above)
litres/100km
km/litre
UK MPG
US MPG
Emissioni di CO2
Emissioni di CO2
Carfolio Calculated CO₂ ^?
VED band (UK)
CO₂ Effizienz (DE)
Autotelaio
Posizione del motore	front
Engine layout	transverse
Trazione	front wheel drive
Distribuzione di coppia	N/A
Sterzo
turns lock-to-lock
diametro di sterzata	8.40 m
Avantreno
Retroreno
Cerchi anteriori
Cerchi posteriori
Pneumatici anteriori
Pneumatici posteriori
Freni ant/post
Diametro di freni anteriori
Diametro di freni posteriori
Braked area
Trasmissione	5 speed manual
Inizio rapporto di cambio	0.72
Rapporto finale	5.94
Generalità
Carfolio.com ID	84667
Production total
Codice di modello
RAC rating	8.6
Insurance classification	No information available
Tax band	No information available
Mazda Carol MeLady added 2001-07-26. Last modified 2013-02-28.

Permalink:
https://www.carfolio.com/mazda-carol-melady-84667

Suggested anchor text: Mazda Carol MeLady

Mazda Carol models

Mazda Carol MeLady 4WD

5 door hatchback FA 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 750 kg

Mazda Carol MeLady 4WD Automatic

5 door hatchback FA 3A 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 760 kg

Mazda Carol MeLady Automatic

5 door hatchback FF 3A 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 660 kg

Mazda Carol MeLady Extra

5 door hatchback FF 4A 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 720 kg

Mazda Carol MeLady L

5 door hatchback FF 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 46 PS 45 bhp 34 kW 700 kg

2007 Chery QQ3 0.8

5 door hatchback FF 5M 812 cm³/49.6cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 880 kg

2008 Chevrolet Matiz

5 door hatchback FF 5M 796 cm³/48.6cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 127.0 CO₂ 775 kg

2008 Chevrolet Matiz Automatic

5 door hatchback FF 4A 796 cm³/48.6cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 161.0 CO₂ 795 kg

1998 Daewoo Matiz

5 door sedan/saloon FF 5M 796 cm³/48.6cuin 51 PS 50 bhp 37 kW 161.0 CO₂ 853 kg

2022 Daihatsu Cast G Prime Selection SA III

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 840 kg

2022 Daihatsu Cast G Prime Selection SA III 4WD

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 890 kg

2022 Daihatsu Cast G SA III

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 840 kg

2022 Daihatsu Cast G SA III 4WD

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 890 kg

2022 Daihatsu Cast X SA III

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 840 kg

2022 Daihatsu Cast X SA III 4WD

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 890 kg

1979 Daihatsu Charade

5 door hatchback FF 5M 993 cm³/60.6cuin 51 PS 50 bhp 37 kW 660 kg

1979 Daihatsu Charade 1.0 CS

5 door hatchback FF 5M 993 cm³/60.6cuin 53 PS 52 bhp 39 kW 685 kg

2012 Daihatsu Mira Cocoa L675S

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 800 kg

2012 Daihatsu Mira Cocoa 4WD L685S

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 850 kg

2012 Daihatsu Mira e:S LA300S

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 730 kg

2012 Daihatsu Mira e:S 4WD LA300S

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 790 kg

2020 Daihatsu Mira Tocot G SA III

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 720 kg

2020 Daihatsu Mira Tocot G SA III 4WD

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 790 kg

2020 Daihatsu Mira Tocot L

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 720 kg

2020 Daihatsu Mira Tocot L 4WD

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 790 kg

2020 Daihatsu Mira Tocot L SA III

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 720 kg

2020 Daihatsu Mira Tocot L SA III 4WD

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 790 kg

2020 Daihatsu Mira Tocot X SA III

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 720 kg

2020 Daihatsu Mira Tocot X SA III 4WD

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 790 kg

2016 Daihatsu Move Canbus G Makeup SA III DBA-LA800S GBVF

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 920 kg

2016 Daihatsu Move Canbus G SA III DBA-LA800S GBVF

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 920 kg

2016 Daihatsu Move Canbus L DBA-LA800S GBMF

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 910 kg

2016 Daihatsu Move Canbus L SA III DBA-LA800S GBMF

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 910 kg

2016 Daihatsu Move Canbus X Limited Makeup SA III DBA-LA800S GBGF

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 920 kg

2016 Daihatsu Move Canbus X Limited SA III DBA-LA800S GBGF

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 920 kg

2016 Daihatsu Move Canbus X Makeup SA III DBA-LA800S GBGF

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 920 kg

2016 Daihatsu Move Canbus X SA III DBA-LA800S GBGF

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 920 kg

2016 Daihatsu Move Canbus X SA III DBA-LA800S GBGF

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 920 kg

2001 Daihatsu Muse Concept

5 door hatchback FF CVT 659 cm³/40.2cuin 700 kg

2012 Daihatsu Tanto Exe L455S

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 870 kg

2012 Daihatsu Tanto Exe Custom G L455S GBSF

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 890 kg

2008 Honda Life DBA-JC1

5 door hatchback FF 4A 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 110.6 CO₂ 810 kg

2008 Honda Life 4WD CBA-JC2

5 door hatchback FA 4A 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 118.5 CO₂ 890 kg

2002 Honda That's LA-JD1

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF 3A 656 cm³/40.0cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 820 kg

2002 Honda That's 4WD LA-JD1

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FA 3A 656 cm³/40.0cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 880 kg

1990 Honda Today QXi

3 door hatchback FA 5M 656 cm³/40.0cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 730 kg

1990 Honda Today Ri-Z

3 door hatchback FF 5M 656 cm³/40.0cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 640 kg

1990 Honda Today Ri-Z Automatic

3 door hatchback FF 3A 656 cm³/40.0cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 650 kg

1990 Honda Today XTi

3 door hatchback FF 5M 656 cm³/40.0cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 650 kg

1990 Honda Today XTi Automatic

3 door hatchback FF 3A 656 cm³/40.0cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 660 kg

1996 Kia M-Car Concept

5 door hatchback FF 793 cm³/48.4cuin 51 PS 50 bhp 37 kW

2025 Mitsubishi ek X G 5AA-B34W LTSG

5 door hatchback FF CVT 659 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 860 kg

2025 Mitsubishi ek X G 4WD 5AA-B37W LTSGZ

5 door hatchback FA CVT 659 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 920 kg

2025 Mitsubishi ek X G Premium 5AA-B34W LTSG

5 door hatchback FF CVT 659 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 870 kg

1992 Mitsubishi Minica

5 door hatchback FF 5M 657 cm³/40.1cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 660 kg

1992 Mitsubishi Minica

3 door hatchback FF 5M 657 cm³/40.1cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 640 kg

1992 Mitsubishi Minica 4WD

3 door hatchback FA 5M 657 cm³/40.1cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 710 kg

1992 Mitsubishi Minica 4WD Automatic

3 door hatchback FA 3A 657 cm³/40.1cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW

1992 Mitsubishi Minica Automatic

5 door hatchback FF 3A 657 cm³/40.1cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW

1992 Mitsubishi Minica Automatic

3 door hatchback FF 3A 657 cm³/40.1cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW

1993 Mitsubishi Minica Pg-4WD Automatic E-H36A LKJE

5 door minicar FA 3A 659 cm³/40.2cuin 55 PS 54 bhp 40 kW 750 kg

1992 Mitsubishi Minica Toppo

3 door hatchback FF 5M 657 cm³/40.1cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 680 kg

1992 Mitsubishi Minica Toppo Automatic

3 door hatchback FF 3A 657 cm³/40.1cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW

1998 Mitsubishi Toppo BJ M

5 door estate/station wagon FF 5M 657 cm³/40.1cuin 51 PS 50 bhp 37 kW 790 kg

1998 Mitsubishi Toppo BJ M 4WD

5 door estate/station wagon FA 5M 657 cm³/40.1cuin 51 PS 50 bhp 37 kW 840 kg

1998 Mitsubishi Toppo BJ M 4WD Automatic

5 door estate/station wagon FA 4A 657 cm³/40.1cuin 51 PS 50 bhp 37 kW 850 kg

1998 Mitsubishi Toppo BJ M Automatic

5 door estate/station wagon FF 4A 657 cm³/40.1cuin 51 PS 50 bhp 37 kW 800 kg

1998 Mitsubishi Toppo BJ S 4WD Automatic

5 door estate/station wagon FA 3A 657 cm³/40.1cuin 51 PS 50 bhp 37 kW 830 kg

1998 Mitsubishi Toppo BJ S Automatic

5 door estate/station wagon FF 3A 657 cm³/40.1cuin 51 PS 50 bhp 37 kW 780 kg

2002 Nissan Moco B UA-MG21S

5 door sedan/saloon FF 4A 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 850 kg

2002 Nissan Moco B 4WD UA-MG21S

5 door sedan/saloon FA 4A 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 890 kg

2007 Nissan Pino E Automatic DBA-HC24S

5 door hatchback FF 4A 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 770 kg

2007 Nissan Pino E Four Automatic DBA-HC24S

5 door hatchback FA 4A 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 820 kg

2007 Nissan Pino S DBA-HC24S

5 door hatchback FF 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 730 kg

2007 Nissan Pino S Automatic DBA-HC24S

5 door hatchback FF 3A 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 740 kg

2007 Nissan Pino S Four DBA-HC24S

5 door hatchback FA 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 780 kg

2007 Nissan Pino S Four Automatic DBA-HC24S

5 door hatchback FA 3A 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 790 kg

2012 Nissan Roox ML21S

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 920 kg

2020 Subaru Chiffon G 6BA-LA650F

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 900 kg

2020 Subaru Chiffon L 6BA-LA650F

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 880 kg

2016 Subaru Chiffon L

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 920 kg

2020 Subaru Chiffon R 6BA-LA650F

5 door multi-purpose vehicle FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 900 kg

2011 Subaru Lucra L DBA-L455F

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 870 kg

2009 Subaru R1 R Premium Black Limited DBA-RJ1

3 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 820 kg

2009 Subaru R1 R Premium Black Limited AWD DBA-RJ2

3 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 860 kg

2004 Subaru R2 Custom R CBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 850 kg

2004 Subaru R2 Custom R CBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 810 kg

2005 Subaru R2 Custom Type S R CBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 850 kg

2005 Subaru R2 Custom Type S R CBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 810 kg

2008 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 820 kg

2008 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 860 kg

2007 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 860 kg

2007 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 820 kg

2006 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 830 kg

2006 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 790 kg

2006 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 820 kg

2006 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 860 kg

2005 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 860 kg

2005 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 790 kg

2005 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 820 kg

2005 Subaru R2 R DBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 830 kg

2004 Subaru R2 R UA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 810 kg

2004 Subaru R2 R UA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 850 kg

2004 Subaru R2 R UA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 780 kg

2004 Subaru R2 R CBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 810 kg

2004 Subaru R2 R CBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 780 kg

2004 Subaru R2 R CBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 820 kg

2004 Subaru R2 R UA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 820 kg

2004 Subaru R2 R CBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 850 kg

2003 Subaru R2 R UA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 780 kg

2003 Subaru R2 R AWD UA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA 5M 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 820 kg

2003 Subaru R2 R AWD CVT UA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 850 kg

2003 Subaru R2 R CVT UA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 810 kg

2006 Subaru R2 Type S R DBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 820 kg

2006 Subaru R2 Type S R DBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 860 kg

2005 Subaru R2 Type S R DBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 820 kg

2005 Subaru R2 Type S R DBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 860 kg

2005 Subaru R2 Utility Package R CBA-RC2

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 850 kg

2005 Subaru R2 Utility Package R CBA-RC1

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 54 PS 53 bhp 40 kW 810 kg

2014 Subaru Stella Custom R DBA-LA100F

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 820 kg

2014 Subaru Stella Custom R DBA-LA110F

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 870 kg

2011 Subaru Stella Custom R DBA-LA100F

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 820 kg

2011 Subaru Stella Custom R DBA-LA110F

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 870 kg

2011 Subaru Stella Custom R DBA-LA110F

5 door hatchback FA CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 870 kg

2011 Subaru Stella Custom R DBA-LA100F

5 door hatchback FF CVT 658 cm³/40.2cuin 52 PS 51 bhp 38 kW 820 kg

Mazda Carol MeLady

Body type

Length

Weight

Engine type

Engine size

Cylinders

Power

Torque